An anal fissure, also known as an anal tear, is a small crack in the skin around the anus, which can cause pain and sometimes bleeding during and after bowel movements.
Symptoms
- Pain during and after bowel movements
- Visible blood on toilet paper or in the toilet bowl
- Itching or irritation around the anus
Causes
The cause of an anal fissure is usually due to passing hard or large stools. Genetic factors do not play a prominent role.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis is made through a physical examination where the doctor looks at the area. Sometimes an additional examination, such as a proctoscopy, is needed.
Treatment
Treatments may include:
- Ointment to relieve pain, improve blood flow, and promote healing
- Warm water sitz baths
- Dietary adjustments for softer stools
Self-care Tips
- Drink plenty of water
- Eat high-fiber foods
- Avoid straining during bowel movements
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