Basal cell carcinoma is the most common form of skin cancer. It arises from the cells in the lowest layer of the epidermis. Basal cell carcinomas usually grow slowly and rarely metastasize to other parts of the body. They most often occur on areas of skin that are frequently exposed to sunlight, such as the face, scalp, neck, and arms.
Symptoms
- A smooth, shiny nodule
- A pink or flesh-colored bump with a pearly sheen
- A sore that does not heal
- A wound that bleeds or crusts over
- A scar-like spot that keeps getting bigger
Causes
Prolonged sun exposure is a significant risk factor for developing basal cell carcinoma. Other causes may include:
- Light skin type
- Age
- Genetics
- Exposure to certain chemicals
Diagnosis
When considering the differential diagnosis for a basal cell carcinoma, other skin conditions with similar symptoms should be considered, such as:
- Squamous cell carcinoma
- Actinic keratosis
- Psoriasis
- Eczema
- Seborrheic keratosis
Treatment
The treatment of a basal cell carcinoma depends on several factors, including the size, location, and type of tumor. Possible treatments include:
- Surgical removal
- Mohs surgery
- Cryosurgery
- Electrosurgery
- Photodynamic therapy
- Treatment with 5-fluorouracil cream
Self-Care Tips
- Regular skin checks
- Protection against UV rays (sunscreen, protective clothing)
- Avoid tanning beds
- Always consult a doctor if in doubt
Other
Early detection and treatment of basal cell carcinoma increase the chance of successful recovery. Always consult a doctor for accurate diagnosis and treatment of skin conditions.
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