Canker sores are small, painful ulcers in the mouth. They often appear white or yellowish with a red border around them and are sometimes called oral ulcers. They can occur on the gums, tongue, palate, or inside of the lips.
Symptoms
- Painful sores in the mouth.
- White or yellowish spots with a red border.
- Difficulty eating or drinking due to pain.
- Irritation or a burning sensation in the mouth.
Canker sores can vary in size, from small to larger than a centimeter. They usually heal on their own within one to two weeks but can recur.
Causes
The exact cause of canker sores is not fully understood, but several factors may play a role:
- Damage to the mucous membrane in the mouth, such as biting the inside of the cheek or brushing too hard.
- Stress or fatigue can trigger or worsen canker sores.
- Genetic predisposition: people with family members who frequently have canker sores are at higher risk.
- Certain foods, such as citrus fruits or spicy foods, can trigger canker sores or worsen symptoms.
Diagnosis
A doctor can usually identify canker sores by examining the mouth. In some cases, a swab or biopsy may be taken to rule out other conditions. If canker sores are frequent or do not heal as expected, further investigation may be needed to identify underlying causes.
Treatment
- Canker sores typically heal on their own within one to two weeks without treatment.
- For severe pain, a doctor may prescribe medications such as pain-relieving mouthwashes or gels.
- In some cases, corticosteroids may be prescribed to speed up healing.
Self-care tips
- Avoid foods that may irritate the mouth, such as citrus fruits or spicy foods.
- Reduce stress by practicing relaxation techniques like yoga or meditation.
- Use a soft toothbrush and avoid brushing too hard to protect the mucous membrane.
- Rinse the mouth regularly with a saltwater solution to promote healing and relieve pain.
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