Hypostatic eczema, or stasis dermatitis, is a skin condition that mainly affects the lower legs and is caused by poor blood circulation. It frequently occurs in people with chronic venous insufficiency, where the blood flow in the leg veins is not effectively pumped back to the heart.
Symptoms
Symptoms of hypostatic eczema include:
- Itching and redness in the affected area, mainly around the ankles.
- Swelling of the lower legs.
- Skin that may be dry, flaky, or cracked.
- In severe cases, open sores or wounds may form.
- Skin discoloration, often brownish due to iron deposition from leaking capillaries.
Causes
The primary cause of hypostatic eczema is poor blood circulation, often due to:
- Venous insufficiency: Diminished function of the leg veins that return blood to the heart.
- Genetic factors: A predisposition to vascular problems can be hereditary.
- Prolonged standing or sitting: This can increase the pressure in the leg veins and hinder circulation.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of hypostatic eczema is typically based on the location and appearance of the rash, along with the patient’s medical history. The doctor may recommend the following tests:
- Doppler ultrasound: To assess blood flow in the veins.
- Skin biopsy: To rule out other skin conditions.
Treatment
Treatment of hypostatic eczema focuses on managing symptoms and supporting blood circulation:
- Compression therapy: Wearing compression stockings can help improve blood circulation.
- Topical corticosteroids: To reduce inflammation and itching.
- Emollients and moisturizing creams: To keep the skin hydrated and prevent further irritation.
- Management of open sores: Including cleaning and protecting the sores to prevent infection.
Self-Care
- Avoid prolonged standing or sitting: Regular movement or elevating the legs can help.
- Skin care: Regular application of moisturizing creams to keep the skin supple.
- Protection against injuries: Be cautious to avoid additional damage to the legs.