Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin is a type of skin cancer that originates from squamous cells, the thin, flat cells that are part of the outermost layer of the skin, the epidermis. It is the second most common type of skin cancer and typically develops in areas frequently exposed to the sun, such as the face, ears, neck, lips, and backs of the hands.
Symptoms
- Persistent scaly patch on the skin that may bleed when touched.
- Dome-shaped, warty tumor with a hard and painful horn formation on the skin.
- A non-healing ulcer or sore.
- Changes in existing moles or warts.
Causes
- Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds.
- Risk factors include fair skin that burns easily, history of extensive sunburns, particularly in childhood, tobacco use, exposure to chemicals like arsenic, prolonged skin inflammation or scarring, compromised immune system, or use of immunosuppressive drugs.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis often begins with a physical examination of a suspicious skin change and may include a biopsy to identify cancer cells.
Treatment
- Surgical removal of cancer cells.
- Cryotherapy (freezing with liquid nitrogen).
- Radiation therapy.
- Chemotherapy in cream form for superficial cancers.
Self-care Tips
- Avoid prolonged sun exposure, especially between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.
- Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher and reapply it regularly.
- Wear protective clothing like wide-brimmed hats and UV-protective clothing.
- Regularly check your skin for new or changing lesions.
Other
Squamous cell carcinoma requires meticulous monitoring and preventive measures to reduce the risk of spread and complications.
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